Internal-combustion  engine



oct; 11, 1927.

1,644,907, V. F. ZAHODIAKIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed NOV. 25. 1925 A TTORN Oct. 11 19 27 v. F. zAHoDlAKlN INTEML coMBusTloN ENGINE s sheets-sheet 2 Filed Npv. 25. 1925 ATTORNE y oct. u, 1927, 1,644,907

V. F. `ZAHODIAKIN INTERNL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 25. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 SqvVENToR.

` ATTORN Y.

Oct. l11, 1927.

V. F. ZAHODIAKIN INTERNALfcoMBUsTIoN ENGINE Filed Nov. 25. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 A I N VEN TOR.

' ATTORNEY.

@ctv 9 f v. F. zAHoDlAKlN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 25. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 oct. 11,1927. 1,644,901

V. F. ZAHODIAKIN 1NT ERNAL COMBUSTION ENG'NE Eiled Nov.25. 1925 e shets-sheet e 15 f; INI/ENTOR.

Y ffm/A7 f ATTORNEY rasees oci. ii, iai?.

unire STATES VICTOR F. ZAI-IODIAKIN, OF NORVTOOD,KOH1O, ASSGNOB GF ONE-THIRD iTO JOI-IN A. n

SCANLON, TRUSTEE, OF CINCNNATI, OHIO.

INTERNAL-connusrion nneiivn.

Application filed Noveinber'25, 1925. Serial No. 71,404.

ble means for controlling the delivery andr ejection `et gases to and from the cylinders ot an internal combustion engine; to provide means whereby the use ot cams, push rods,

tai et valves sarinOs and the like ma 'be obviated, thereby importantly simplifying the construction'folf said engine; to provid-e means adapted to rendersaid engine positive of action, silent while'V operating, seltcleaning, durable and effective Jfor the pur-y pose of creating maximum power by providing for better combustion or' thegases, re-

vducingthe necessary'powei' required to introducethe vaporized fuel withinthe cylinders and exhaust the burn-ed gases there-v from; to provide etlicient means adapted to maintain the compression within the cylinders; to provide means adapted to permit the valve to automatically adjust itselr1 to the expansioincontraction and wear thereby insuring a true bearing for said valve, whereby the danger ot said valve sticking within its chamber or casing, due to an overheated engine and like reasons, is eliminated; to provide meansl whereby said engine is adapted tol operate sinoothlywith minimum vibration ot its parts; to provide simple, eliicient and practical means tor cooling the' valves; and to provide simple and dependable means toi' introducing oil upon the bearing surface ot said valve tojinsure its effectual lubrication. y

The invention consists in providing an engine head primarily comprising a valve casing having a` tapered bearing and having ports leading into the cylinders ot the engine and havingk inlet and exhaust passages; in providing a Vrotatable tubular tapered valve mounted in said bearing and having a plurality of spaced apart indentions therein in l staggered relation to each other, said indentions adapted to cooperatewith the corresponding cylinder ports and the inlet and exhaust passages in the valve casing tor et itectiiig` operation of said engine; in providf ing webs yin the rform ot air suction means within said valve and positioned in vertical alignment withV said cylinders to maintain a continuous How ot air through the valve while the engine is operating and to support rotation;

the walls ot said valve; in providing a shaft extending longitudinally through said valve and toy which said" valve is fixed, and said shai't being inou-nted in bearings slidable longitudinally of said valve; in providing resilient meansy to automatically force said valve longitudinally ot said casing and main` tain uniform pressure of said valve in its tapered seat or bearing; and inproviding the exterior surface of said valve witha series yot grooves into 'which lubricant is torcedunder pressure for insuring lubrication of the valve bearing. i

` My invention, further, consists in the oombination, arrangement of the parts and in the details ot the construction, as hereinset forth and claimed: A i

In the drawings: "Fig, l is a perspective view'of theinvention with parts broken away; n-

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central vertical section taken on a line corresponding to 2 2 inF ig. l and showing parts broken away;

F ig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken on a line corresponding to 3*-3 in Fig. land showing parts broken away; Fig. .fl is a transverse vertical section showing a modifi-ed form of the invention Vwith parts broken away;

.section et the invention with parts broken away andshowing the pistons in oppositely disposed positions as shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal central vertical section showing a modified form of the resilient valve controlling means adaptable for use on engines having changeable rates of Fig. 7 is a transverse vertical' section of ythe valve and casing with parts broken away and showing the valve in position for maintaining compression in the cylinder during the explosion cycle of the engine; f y

lltig is A.a transverevertical section of the valve and casing, with parts broken away,vr and showingthe valve in cooperative position with the exhaust passage and the cylinder port; f v

' Fig. 9 is a transverse vertical section of the valve and casing, with parts broken away,l and showingthe valve in cooperative position with kthe intake passage and the Leanser* Y a and wear of the ports, and yetfthe valve adaptable to maintain a closel contacting fit with its bearing 14 in the casing under `various conditions to prevent a loss of the ccn'ipressed vapor-ized fuel yor gases (com` monly known as compression) between the* valve and its seat, from the engines cylinder. f

For the purpose of yproviding means to automatically7 maintain uniform pressure of valve 35 against its seat 1,4 'and which mea-ns is especially adaptableV for use on stationary or oth'erfengines havinga uniform rate ork rotation, the integral reduced end portion 61 of shaft 48, as shown in Fig. 2 is fitted with compressible coil spring 62 having its outer end 63 in contact with retainer 64.. n fixed to the shaft asby nuts threaded tothe` shaft. The coilspring, suitably compressed, has its end 66 in contactwith plate 67 separated from support 58 by thrustbearing 68 and slidable on reduced end portion 61 of' the shaft, whereby continuous v'outward pressure 1s exerted lby coil spring 62 on Vshaft 48, thereby forcing valve 35 infclose contact with its seat 14 at all times. Ad'- wardly by meansof the positions of nuts lcontrols the compression of spring 62.

In Fig. 6 I showv a modified form of the invention which is especially adaptable for use on engine of changeable speed, such as automobile engines. The governor y69 comprises inner armsr 70, respectively, having inner ends 71, respectively, pivoted to ears 72 integral with plate 73 having its inner side 74 in Contact with thrust bearing 68 mounted in contact with support 58. The outer ends 75, respectively of arms lare pivotally 'connected with inner vends 76, respectively, of arms 77 having their outer ends 78 pivoted to unio-n 79 slidably mounted on reduced end or guide rod 80 of shaft 48. Rotation of shaft 48 effects rotation of plate 73 having rectangular `hole' 81 receiving rec-k tangular portion 82 of shaft 48, whereby the centrifugal force ofthe rotating shaft causes weighted balls 83 to spread 4thereby pivoting ends 71, respectively, of arms 7 O which causes fingers 71', respectively, integral with ends 71 of arms 70, to contact and exert pressure against inner side 84 of plate 85. The plate 85 has krectangular hole 86 therein into which rectangular portion 82l of shaft 48 is slidably mounted. lBoss 87, integral with plate 85 is received by end 88 of coil spring 89 fixed to plate 85'. The outer end 90 of coil spring'89fis maintained against outward movement as by cup retainer 91 having lhole 92 through which isreceived threaded portion 93 of shaft 48. The retainer 91y `is maintained against outward movement as by nuts 94 threaded to threaded portion 93 of the shaft, whereby the speed at'which shaft 48 rotates operates gov,-

ernorf69 which controls the compression in coil spring 89 which regulates the force with which valve 35 is maintained in its seat 14, it being apparent that the higher the rotatable speed of shaft 48, up to a certain limit, the vgreater is thejsprea'd of* balls 83, fromthe yposition shown in full lines to or inten kmediate the positions of the Vballs shown in dotted lines at 83, whereby coil spring 89 the respective ports when the explosions oc- ,l y

cur whereby the valve tends to slide longitudinally and move from rear 16 to front 15 of engine 1. The force ofthe tended longitudinal movement of the valve depends primarily Y upon three factors, namely: The acted force ofthe explosions within rvthe cylinders upon Vthe valve, the frequency of the explosions within the cylinders and the taper of thevalve: In both forms of the invention shown in Figs. 2 and 6 it is apparent that the size of the coil springs and their compressibility should be fairly accurately estimated with vconsideration of the element/s involved. i'

` The mechanical operations of the invention are as follows: f Jassume valve 35 is rotating. Fig. 7 `in whichvalve 35 is positioned with any one of indentions 36, 37, y38 or 39 in noncooperating position with inlet passages 2-0 and 21 and th-e corresponding port 40,

`r41, 42 or 43. The kport is closed by the outer surface 95 of the valve, in which position an explosion of the vaporized fuel in the corresponding' cylinder isy effectedy by usual spark plug 96. Further movement of kthe engine rotates the indention in the `valve to the position shown in Fig. 8 permitting upward movement of the piston to discharge the burned gases from within the cylinder through chamber 44 which extends from the port throughk exhaust passage 21. When the piston has reached its upmost position in thecylinder and has covered ,a short part of its return or downward movementr the valve assumes the position shown in-Fig.

9 with the indention cooperating with they port and inlet passage 20 for forming chamber '44 to permit the vaporized fuel to be drawn into the cylinder from the inlet pipe 22 connected to a usual 'carbureter (not shown). Fig. 10 shows the valve in the position taken after thepiston has reach-ed its lowest point in the cylinder and traveled a short distance upwardly whereby surface 95 f of the valve completely sealsfthe port there- Referring to izo lby maintaining compression of the vapor-'y ized fuel within the cylinder previous to its being exploded after which the piston starts on. its return downward-movement and-the ,v in'dentiorrof the valve assumes they position shovvnfin Fig. 7; As` shown 1n F-ig.- QVfandr` in accordance With the: usual i relative positionwot the pistons,- the-indentions 36, 37, 38 and-'39 are in staggered relation with each other' so that the fsucce'ssivel cycles: of the cylinders maybe-accomplishediin their regular order;

T he valve 35 is rotated by ineansotshat'ti a8' beingl iix'ed theretoas heretotore` esi- End 49 of' the shaft is coupled` plained. with end 97 otshaft by innledend portion 99 of shaft 18A bern-g receivedin groovelOO in-end971of-shatt98 whereby the' clearanceI distan-ce 101 between-ends 19V andf97, respectively, or shartsle'fS and 9S perini-t longitudinalIrloveinentf of shatt 181cm? purposes herein previously and fully efrplained;

The reciprocal 'movements-'of pistons :9, 19.; 11and linipart-rotary nioveinentto usual crank` shaft 192" tli-rouglrusual connectingv rods 103, 1045 1O5Hand 10G,respectively-iconnectedwvith pistons 9; 10,I 1l andf12 and-to.

the crank shaft. FfiXedlto the outerenld-lO' ot' the crankshai't isf-gear 108 having rotatable-'connection With gear 109 (as by tiniing, chain 110) fixed to` shaft 98 rotatably` nally ot'fcasing: 18, as shovrn'ein Fig 1, 2,

and l-ivh'ereby Water pump 118 circulatesivater through `pipe 119 'into cylinden*r Water jacket 120 and through hole 121 into Water jacket` 117 and l thenceinto pipe 12:2; which leads to vusual 1radiator (not shown) i -ln'the exterior surface or'f valve are a series ofr groupsot circurniterentially aligned depressions12s.` The groupsiotf'depressionsareinalignment with the respective upwardly ertendingrecesses 2-1: in casing 13: The! depressions? however1 are ot slightly.y lessf Width than` the respectivel re"` cessesfQ-l Wherebyf oil puinpil operatively coiu'iectedlwithfcranhJshatt 192l is adapted i to circulate oil under pressure-troni oilA reservoirv 'letlincranlrf case` 311: through pipe f' il?, and 315 and`= through" reeessesxQ-tthe re'spective"depressions 124g while'. the: engine isil in coopera-tion?. thereby providing luhricafti on r'o'r'f bearii laf-l oit-casingv by the? lu"o"ricant1V being depos-itetli in? de pre j- .sions `l 121ia-nd forced'. into grooves? 126 i onnectedl: with', the depresss'ions; Each groove 126 is suiicientlyv small Yto' insure the oil re'- niaining thereinby" adhesion.' to.' the valvej u-'herebyf during' thelperiods the` grooves pass the'I` port'sitt), 41, 421 andi only`r negligible vraterV jacket Y 117V extending aroundY and longituditiming chain 128 coni-binedly rotates theY valves-35,l and radiator fan 129v through rota.- tiou oit-gear- 130 fixed to crank shatt- 131.

fin advantage ot' the invention is that carbon which may deposit-in indentions 36, 3?; 23S andV 39 orvalve may be quickly and economically scraped trom the indentions as by merely, reinovino: exhaust'pipe 21a-'liter which accessniay be gained to theV indenm tionsvv forr reino-ving; theA carbon orv other foreign matter which ingay col-lect in the indentions.

A -furtheriadvantage otthe invention-is that considerablyfmore' power is adapted to be developgedby its use thanis capable ofi being developed in the usual type oi? in,-

`ternal combustion engine because in addition to the various reasons herein previously pointed out, the size: ot chambers and 11e inay be materially larger than the usual passages for these purposes, whereby the downvmrdy and upward inovennents` of` the pistons for; drawing: vaporized Yfuel into `the cylinders and-discharging the burned gases therefrom is practically unhanipered.

It is vapparent that l. have inventedapractical and highly desirable device for the purposes intended-and Whichniay effect various advantageous results, as tor instance inner Walls ot' valve torrningvindentions 36, 15'( SS'and 39 extendfhorizontally and parallel to shaft 4S,- as shoivn in; Fig. 2, thereby reducing; the Aforce of the forward movement ot the valve dueto the explosions in the cylinders. Furthermore, theiorce of the e511 plosions Within the cylinders are imparted through shaftv 48 to'bearingsand efand thence to supports57A and 5", thereby eliininating the necessity oi?y bearing 11` ingcasing 131 receiving'the pressure force of; the. explosions', Wherebythe, friction on bearing1-1L is considerably less-than'fit the-torccuoi". the explosions Within thev cylinders-is imparted directlytroin; valve 35 toi casingy 13,'v with a result that theconipression otsprings (l2 and 89, respectively-shown in Figsi Qandfti, may notf be'y so greatV as to causceflxcessive wear or valveff andbearingi14;

'lhi-l'ei I: have chosen to; illustrate`v the :toi-ins andt constructionsotn'iy invent-ion' by the hereiirdraivings and explanationsxot: the same,y it= is' understood tha'tithe inventionlre.- sides Iin the combination,- arrangemento'tf the partsfandan the details: oril theconstructlon, asihereinatterfclainiecli lt fis `turtlier under-I readily'suggest themselves 'to the art.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. The combination with an internal'com-` bustion engine, of a tapered rotary valve. resilient'means having connections with sait valve for maintaining it in its seat, and

means for Controlling the out-ward force rof saidresilient means depending upon the yrotatable speed of said engine.

2. The combination with an internal coinbustion engine, of a tapered rotary valve, a coil spring to maintain s aid valve in its seat and a governorcooperating with said coil spring whereby substantially uniform pressureof said Valve with its seat is eHectuated.

3. The combination with an internal coin bustion engine, of a tapered rotary valve, resilient means to maintain said valve in its seat, ya governor cooperating with said resilient means whereby'substantially uniform pressure of said valve with its seat is effectu'ated irrespective of the contraction, expansion and vwear of the yvalve and its bearing, thereby preventing the escape of compressed gases frointhe cylinder of said engine 'beftween saidl valve and its seat- 4c. In an internal combustion engine,the combination with a series of engine cylinders andvreciprocating pistons, of a 'horizontally disposed valve casing formed with'inletand exhaust passages'v and having ports leading kinto the engines cylinders,' a rotatably mounted tubular valve in said casing and having depressions therein and having a series of indentions therein adapted to intermittently register with ythe corresponding said inlet passages, said valve-having grooves of considerably less size thanv the depressions and lleading from said depressionsk across` the circumferential path of said iiidentions to effectively lubricate said valve,

.y exhaust passages and ports whereby an ex.-

plosive mixture is adapted to be introduced into said cylinders and the burned gases dis-l charged therefroin during the normal operation of said engine, and means to introduce lubricant into said depressions whereby said lubricant is adapted to travel into said grooves. i

5. The combination with an internal 'conif bustion engine, of. a shaft rotatably mounthaving a port leading into the cylinder of' saidengiiie, yand having an inlet passage adapted during the operation of said engine to communicate with'said port for `admitting fuel into said. cylinder,'said valve adapted to prevent escape of said fuel from said cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston in said cylinder, said casing having an exhaust passage adapted during the operation of said engine to ycomniiunicate with Said port for discharging gases from said cylinder, a coil spring connected with an end of said shaft and adapted to force said valveto contact with its seat in said casing and permit said valve to slide longirkceiving said valve and having a port leading into'the cylinder of said engine, and having an inlet passage adapted during the operation of said engine to communicatewith said port for admitting fuel into said' cylinder,

said valve adapted to prevent escape of said fuel from said.y cylinder during the compressionstroke of the 'piston in said cylinder, said casing having an exhaust passage adapted during the operation of said engine to communicate with said port for discharging r,gases from said cylinder, resilient means coiinected with said shaft and adapted to force said valve `into contact with its seat in said casing and permit said valve to slide longitudinally of said casing to compensate` for v'contract-ion of said valve andisaid casing,

anda governor operatively connected with said resilient means and actuated by said shaft, whereby the effectiveness of said resilient. means is i automatically regulated l to exert required pressure on said valve.

7. The combination with anfinternal coniH bustion engine, of a taperedA rotary valve having an indention therein, a casing having a tapered bearing rotatably receiving said valve and having a port-communicating with the cylinder of said engine andhaving an inlet passage adapted to communicate with said port for admitting vaporized fuel into said cylinder when 'said indention is in cooperating position with said inlet passage and said port, and having an exhaust passage capable of communicating with said port for dischargingy gases from saidcylinder when said indention is iii cooperating position, and resilientineans for maintaining said valve in close contact with said bearing, and means to automatically inaintain'said resilient means in uniform tension'irrespective of the rotatable vspeed of Isaid val-ve.

8. The combination with an internal conilbustion engine, of a tapered rotary valve having an indention in its outer surface, a casing having an exhaust passage and having a tapered "bearing rotatably receiving said valve and fixed to the engine bloclrand `having a port communicating with the cylinderof said engine and liavingan inlet passage adapted to communicate With said port for adniittino vaporized fuel into: said cylinder when said indention is in cooperating position with said inlet passage and said port, and said iiidentioii adapted to cooperate With-said,portand said exhaust passage for permitting thegases top'ass vfrom Without said cylinder'after the explosion cycle of saidengine, means for automatically maintaining the outer surface of said valve in close and-uniformgpressure contact and 'parallel 'with the bearing of said'casing irrespective of the expansion, contraction and rotatable velocity of said valve thereby preventing-the escape of compressedgases between said valve and Asaid bearing from said cylinder, and said valvehavinga,groove in itsoutersurface and means for introducing lubricant into said groove for lubricating said bearing.

9. The combination With an internal combustion engine, of atapered rotary valve having an indention therein, 'a casing having tapered bearing rotatably receiving `said valve and having a port communicating with the cylinderof said engine, and having inlet and exliaustpassa-ges adapted to individually communicate with said` port for admitting :vaporized fuelinto said cylinder and discharginggases from said cylinder when saidy port is in cooperating position With said inlet passage and saidexhaust passage, re.-

-spectively, and means for automatically maintaining said valve'in uniform contact With the bearing vofsaid casing irrespective of the rotatable speed of said valve andthe force of the explosions Within saidcylinders, thereby preventingthe-escape of compressed gases between said valve and-bearing'from said cylinder.

10. The combination With an internal combustion engine, of a tapered rotary valve having. anI indentioii therein, a casing having `a Ytapered bearing rotatably receiving said lval've'and having an exhaust passageI therein having communication With the cylinder of said engine vvand having' 'an inlet passage therein adapted to communicate with said port lfor admitting vaporized fuel into said `cylinder' Whensaid indention is in cooperating position with said inlet passageand saidpOrt, andsaid indenvtion adaptedto covoperatewvith said porta-nd said exhaust passage for permitting the'gases to pass from said cylinder after the explosion cycle of said engine, resilient means 'for maintaining said valve in contact with the bearing of said casing for preventing the escape of compressed gases between said valve and bearing from said cylinder, and a governor operatively connected With said resilient means to regulate the pressure of said valve against its bearing.

l1. ln a multiple cylinder combustion engine, an engine block having multiple cylindors,reciprocating pistons in saidpcylinders, a casing fixed to said block andhaving a tapered seat and having'ports communieating with said cylinders and having inlet and exhaust passages, tapered rotary valve mounted in said casing and having depressions therein and relatively small grooves 'leading into said depressions and said valve having indentions in the outer surface adapted to cooperate with the corresponding 'inlet and exhaust passages 'and the ports of said casing for effecting operation of -'said engine, and ineansto supply'oil under pressure to said grooves and said depressions to lubricatelthe bearing of said valve, and resilient means to maintain said valve in its seat, substantially as described.

l2. r)The combination with an internal 'come bnstion engine having a reciprocatingpiston, of a head having a tapered bearing', al

tapered rotary valve seated'in said bearing and slidable longitudinally"andmeans 0peratively connectedwith said valveto 'autoinatic'ally maintain the valve'in close lcontact With said bearing during the various 'operative conditions of said engine' irrespective of the rotatable speedv of said valve.

13. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a reciprocating pis ton, of a head having a tapered bearing, a

tapered rotary valve seated infsaidibeaiing and meansoperatively connected with said valve to' automatically maintain the'valve in uniform contact with said bearing during the variousoperative conditionsA ofsaid engine irrespective of the rotatable speed Yof said valve.

bustion engine Yhaving a. reciprocating'ipiston, of a head having'a bearing, 'a lvalve rotatably mounted in said bearing, and means operatively connected With saidvalve to automatically move said valve longitudinallyand in close and'uniform co'ntactwith its lio seat 0r bearing irrespective of the rotatable Speed ot said valve.

16. The combination With an internal combustion engine having a reciprocating piston, of a head having a tapered bearing, a tapered valve rotatably mounted in said bearing, resilient means operatively connected with said valve to force said valve in close contact With its bearing7 and a governor operatively connected With said resilient means to control the torce exerted by said resilient means on said valve during the operation of said engine. f

17. The combinationvvith an internal coinbustion `engine having a reciprocating` piston, of a head having a bearing, a valve rotatably niountedtin said bearing, means ,cperatively connected with said valve to force said valve in close contact With its bearing, and a ygovernor operatively .connected with said means to controll the force exerted by said ymeans on said valve during the operi tion of said engine.

18. The combination with an internal coniexerted by said means on said valve duringy the operation of -said engine.

19. The combination With an internal combustion engine, having areciprocating piston, of a head ixed to said block, a casing fixed to said block and having a tapered bearing seat therein, a tapered valve mounted in said seat, bearings fixed to the engine,

va shaftrotatably mounted in said bearings rand slidable longitudinally thereof and fixed ,to said' valve whereby said valve is mainainedwvith its Walls parallel with said seat,

and means to force said valve in uniform contact with its seat, irrespective of the rotatable speed of said engine.

vieron F. ZAHODIAIUN. i 

